Category: Today

On December 16, 1689, England’s Convention Parliament began, not only transferring power from one king to another, but establishing procedures and rights.

On December 15, 1791, the United States’ Bill of Rights became federal law when ratified by the Virginia General Assembly.

On December 15 in 1933, the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution officially became effective, repealing the Eighteenth Amendment that had, by enabling the Volstead Act, prohibited the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcohol for any other than medical and industrial uses.

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December 15 birthdays include that of Pehr Evind Svinhufvud af Qvalstad [pictured above], 1861, first Head of State of independent Finland, serving in this capacity first as leader of the Senate and then as Protector, or Regent. In 1930 he became Prime Minister, and in 1931 was elected President, leaving office in 1937.

During the Civil War of 1918, his anti-socialist refugee government, Valkoiset, or “Whites,” opposed the “Reds,” a Social Democrat Party faction, for control of the government as it transitioned from Russian rule as a Grand Duchy, to independent status.

He died in 1944.

On December 14, 1918, Friedrich Karl von Hessen, a German prince elected by the Parliament of Finland to become King Väinö I, renounced the Finnish throne.

In 1939, on this date, the Soviet Union was expelled from the League of Nations for invading Finland and starting the Winter War.

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On December 14, 1819, Alabama became the 22nd state of these United States.

On December 13, 1623, Plymouth colonist established the system of trial by twelve jurors.

On December 12, 1939, Finnish forces defeated those of the Soviet Union in the first major victory of what became known as the Winter War, in the Battle of Tolvajärvi.

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December 12th birthdays include:

• Erasmus Darwin (1731) – English physician, slave trade abolitionist, inventor and poet
• John Jay (1745) — First Chief Justice of the United States
• William Lloyd Garrison (1805) — American abolitionist, editor of The Liberator

Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn was born on December 11, 1918. Solzhenitsyn became a novelist, philosopher, historian, and dissident who helped bring down the totalitarian Soviet Union. Solzhenitsyn’s novels include One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962) and Cancer Ward (1966). His behemoth history of Soviet prison camps, The Gulag Archipelago, was a major event in the cultural eclipse of far left ideology in the West, when it was published in 1973.

Solzhenitsyn died on August 3, 2008.

In the last two years, variants of an aphorism about Soviet life has been making the rounds on the Internet, misattributed to him.