Category: Today

On June 16, 1723, economist and social philosopher Adam Smith was born. The author of The Theory of Moral Sentiments and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Smith’s influence on the theory and practice of limited government and individual liberty has been enormous.


Lord Byron read a collection of ghost stories to his house guests, on June 16, 1816. This inspired one guest to write the first modern vampire story, and another, Mary Shelley, to write “Frankenstein: or, The Modern Prometheus” — a literary classic that some say started modern science fiction. 

The Oregon Treaty, signed June 15, 1846, established the boundary between Great Britain’s Canadian territory and the United States of America, from the Rocky Mountains to the Strait of Juan de Fuca, using the 49th Parallel as the handy marker. However, the treaty was not exactly clear on the territorial status of the San Juan Islands, so exactly 13 years later, to the day, a war erupted, over a shot pig.

Basically, an American farmer shot a pig rooting through his garden. The pig belonged to an Irishman. The two did not agree upon compensation, and “the authorities” were called in, with infantry mustering from the south and the Governor of Vancouver Island instructing marines to land on San Juan Island — though the rear admiral in charge refused to comply with the order, on the reasonable grounds that war over a pig was not worth it. Local troops from both sides lined up against each other, but under command to defend themselves only and not shoot first. All that was exchanged in this war were insults. It turned out to be a bloodless war, discounting the pig, so it might qualify as the best war in American history.

On June 15, 1992, Vice President Dan Quayle incorrectly added an “e” to the end of a Trenton, N.J., sixth grader’s correctly spelled “potato.”

1,701 years ago, Constantine the Great and co-​emperor Valerius Licinius signed the Edict of Milan, proclaiming religious tolerance throughout the Roman Empire.

Also on this date, in 1525, Martin Luther, a priest, married Katharina von Bora, a nun, against the celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church.

In 1774, Rhode Island became the first British colony in the Americas to prohibit the importation of slaves.

Grover Cleveland had a large portion of his jaw removed, for cancer, during a surgery on a boat in international waters, in 1893. The operation was not officially revealed to the U.S. public until nine years after the president’s death.

In 1776, on June 12, the Fifth Virginia Convention at Williamsburg, Virginia, unanimously adopted a Declaration of Rights, several weeks prior to the adoption of the state’s constitution. George Mason, who drafted the document, stated clearly in the preamble that rights must be “the basis and foundation of Government.”

The first four planks run as follows:

I. That all men are by nature equally free and independent, and have certain inherent rights, of which, when they enter into a state of society, they cannot, by any compact, deprive or divest their posterity; namely, the enjoyment of life and liberty, with the means of acquiring and possessing property, and pursuing and obtaining happiness and safety.

II. That all power is vested in, and consequently derived from, the people; that magistrates are their trustees and servants, and at all times amenable to them.

III. That government is, or ought to be, instituted for the common benefit, protection, and security of the people, nation or community; of all the various modes and forms of government that is best, which is capable of producing the greatest degree of happiness and safety and is most effectually secured against the danger of maladministration; and that, whenever any government shall be found inadequate or contrary to these purposes, a majority of the community hath an indubitable, unalienable, and indefeasible right to reform, alter or abolish it, in such manner as shall be judged most conducive to the public weal.

IV. That no man, or set of men, are entitled to exclusive or separate emoluments or privileges from the community, but in consideration of public services; which, not being descendible, neither ought the offices of magistrate, legislator, or judge be hereditary.

On June 11, 1776, the Continental Congress appointed John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Robert R. Livingston, and Roger Sherman to draft a declaration of independence from Great Britain.

In 1963, Thich Quang Duc, a Buddhist monk, doused himself with gasoline and set himself aflame in a busy Saigon intersection as a protest against South Vietnam’s lack of religious freedom.

In 2001, convicted mass murderer Timothy McVeigh died by lethal injection.

Apple shipped the first Apple II computer on June 10, 1977.

Born on this day: historian, jazz critic and civil libertarian Nat Hentoff (1925); children’s writer Maurice Sendak (1929); scientist and pioneer of “sociobiology” E. O. Wilson (1929).

June 10 deaths include military leader Alexander the Great (323 BC), playwright and poet Angelina Weld Grimké (1958); and novelist Louis L’Amour (1988).