On May 11, 1981, Bob Marley, the soul and international face of reggae music, died of cancer in a Miami, Florida, hospital. He was only 36 years old.
On May 11, 1973, charges against Daniel Ellsberg for his involvement in releasing the Pentagon Papers to The New York Times are dismissed, citing government misconduct.
On May 11, 1904, Salvador Dalí, the surrealistic Spanish painter, was born.
On May 10, 1768, John Wilkes was imprisoned for writing an article for The North Briton severely criticizing King George III. This action provokes rioting in London.
On May 10, 1773, the Parliament of Great Britain passed the Tea Act, designed to save the British East India Company by granting it a monopoly on the North American tea trade. Resistance to the act led to the Boston Tea Party.
On May 10, 1775, a small Colonial militia led by Ethan Allen and Colonel Benedict Arnold captured Fort Ticonderoga from the British.
On May 10, 1872, Victoria Woodhull became the first woman nominated for President of the United States. As the nominee of the Equal Rights Party she received no electoral votes. The first woman to receive an electoral vote came 100 years later, when Tonie Nathan, the vice-presidential candidate of the Libertarian Party, received a single vote from Virginia.
On May 10, 1940, Winston Churchill became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, while the first German bombs of World War II were dropped on England at Chilham and Petham, in Kent, and Germany invaded Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg.
On May 9, 1960, the FDA approved the world’s first commercially produced birth-control bill, Enovid-10, made by the Searle Company of Chicago, Illinois.
On May 9, 1969, New York Times military correspondent William Beecher wrote a dispatch carried on the paper’s front page, “Raids in Cambodia by U.S. Unprotested,” which accurately described the secret B‑52 bombing raids in Cambodia. During the next two years, many National Security Council staff members and reporters had their telephones wiretapped by the FBI in an effort to find out who leaked the information.
On May 9, 1974, the House of Representatives Judiciary Committee opened impeachment hearings against President Richard Nixon. Months later, the committee voted to impeach Nixon on three counts.
On May 8, 1973, members of the American Indian Movement (AIM) surrendered to federal authorities, ending their 71-day siege of Wounded Knee, site of the infamous massacre of 300 Sioux by the U.S. 7th Cavalry in 1890. Some 200 AIM-led Sioux had seized control of Wounded Knee, and traded gunfire with the federal marshals surrounding the settlement, resulting in two Sioux men being shot to death by federal agents and one federal agent shot and paralyzed. AIM-leader Russell Means began negotiations for the release of the hostages, demanding that the U.S. Senate launch an investigation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Pine Ridge, and all Sioux reservations in South Dakota, and that the Senate Foreign Relations Committee hold hearings on the scores of Indian treaties broken by the U.S. government. AIM leaders and their supporters surrendered after White House officials promised to investigate their complaints. Russell Means and Dennis Banks were arrested, but on September 16, 1973, the charges against them were dismissed by a federal judge because of the U.S. government’s unlawful handling of witnesses and evidence.
On May 4, 1970, four students were killed and eleven others wounded when National Guardsmen opened fire on a group of students at Kent State University. The students were protesting President Richard Nixon’s April 30 announcement that U.S. forces would move into Cambodia to destroy North Vietnamese bases there.
On May 4, 1886, a riot broke out in Haymarket Square in Chicago, Illinois, as a labor protest turned into a riot, leaving more than 100 wounded and 8 police officers dead. In the aftermath, Chicago authorities charged eight men, who were either speakers in or organizers of the protest, with murder. Seven of the eight defendants received death sentences. Four of the defendants were hanged. One man scheduled for execution killed himself the day before. The governor pardoned the remaining three defendants in 1893, after they had served seven years in prison.
On May 4, 1776, Rhode Island became the first North American colony to renounce its allegiance to King George III. Ironically, Rhode Island would be the last state to ratify the U.S. Constitution more than 14 years later on May 29, 1790.
On May 3, 1469, Italian philosopher and writer Niccolo Machiavelli was born. Machiavelli became one of the fathers of modern political theory, writing “The Prince” in 1532.
On May 3, 1940, David Koch, a billionaire businessman, who ran for Vice-President in 1980 as the Libertarian Party candidate, was born in Wichita, Kansas. Koch continues to fund numerous groups working toward libertarian goals.
On May 3, 1942, the Battle of the Coral Sea, the first modern air-naval battle, began. Though Imperial Japan won the battle and went on to occupy all of the Solomon Islands, it was a Pyrrhic victory. Japan lost 70 planes to 66 lost by the U.S., but unlike the U.S., the Japanese could not replace their lost pilots, forcing them to pull back other attack plans in the Pacific.