On October 3, 1789, George Washington proclaimed Thursday November 26, 1789, a Thanksgiving Day. On the same date in 1863, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln declared the last Thursday in November as Thanksgiving Day.
On October 2, 1919, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson suffered a massive stroke, leaving him partially paralyzed, preventing him from reacting to the economic downturn following the Great War in a Progressive fashion — making his response de facto laissez faire. One insider, and skeptic of Progressive hubris, archly referred to Wilson’s incapacitation as “a stroke of luck.”
His successor in office, President Warren G. Harding, would go on to massively cut spending as well as taxes, and take on regulation as well. He also released Woodrow Wilson’s domestic war prisoners — ranging from journalists, ordinary folk to socialist presidential candidate Eugene V. Debs — who had dissented from Wilson’s involvement in the war.
The Depression of the early 1920s, though as deep as the early 1930s, proved remarkably brief, thanks to Harding . . . and a stroke of luck.
On October 2, 1789, George Washington sent the proposed Constitutional amendments (the United States’ Constitution’s Bill of Rights) to the States for ratification.
On October 1, 1908, Ford produced the first Model T at a plant in Detroit. The auto could travel 40 miles per hour and ran on gasoline or hemp-based fuel. (As oil prices fell, Ford phased out the hemp option.) The Model T was the first car designed for a mass market, rather than as a luxury item. By 1927, Ford had built 15 million Model T cars — the longest production run of any car model until the Volkswagen Beetle surpassed it in 1972.
Thomas Edison’s first commercial hydroelectric power plant began operation on September 30, 1882. Dubbed the Vulcan Street Plant, it was established on the Fox River in Appleton, Wisconsin, and was housed in the Appleton Paper and Pulp Company building, which burned to the ground in 1891.
On September 29, 1789, the first Congress of the United States under the new Constitution adjourned.
On the same date in 1881, economist Ludwig von Mises was born in Lemberg, Galicia, of the Austria-Hungary Empire (now Lviv, Ukraine).
On September 28, 2008, SpaceX launched the Falcon 1, the first private spacecraft to go into orbit around planet Earth.
SpaceX has achieved many records since.
British pirate and subject of Queen Elizabeth I, Francis Drake, finished his circumnavigation of the globe when he returned to Plymouth, England, on September 26, 1580.
Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition (1519–1522) is often credited as the first circumnavigation of the globe, but Magellan himself died in 1521 in the Philippines, with Juan Sebastián Elcano completing the journey as captain. There are no well-documented cases of a captain completing a full circumnavigation before Drake, making the pirate’s circumnavigation (1577–1580) the first where the initial captain, Drake himself — survived to complete the entire journey.
Drake began his circumnavigation in 1577 with five ships: the Pelican (later renamed Golden Hind), Elizabeth, Marigold, Swan, and Christopher. By the time he returned to England in 1580, only one ship, the Golden Hind, completed the journey. The others were either lost, scuttled, or abandoned due to damage, crew issues, or strategic decisions during the voyage.
Nevertheless, the expedition was dubbed a success, for during his voyage, Drake raided Spanish ships and settlements, capturing vast amounts of gold, silver, jewels, and other valuables, particularly from Spanish colonies in the Americas and the treasure ship Nuestra Señora de la Concepción (known as the Cacafuego). The haul was so substantial that it reportedly filled the Golden Hind to capacity. Upon his return to England, Drake’s plunder was estimated to be worth around £600,000, an immense fortune at the time.
Such was “exploration” in the 16th century.
For the final time in Roman history, Rome’s Senate chose an emperor, electing 75-year-old Marcus Claudius Tacitus on September 25th, A.D. 275. This is yet another milestone on the road to the collapse of republicanism in the much-discussed “decline and fall of the Roman Empire.”
Western civilization’s first passenger-carrying airship, the Giffard dirigible, traveled under its own power 17 miles, from Paris to Trappes, on September 24, 1852.
The image is of a model on exhibit in the London Science Museum.