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Robert Nozick

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From each as they choose, to each as they are chosen.


A slogan to counter the socialist principle of distributive justice, “From each according to his ability, to each according to his need,” by Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State And Utopia (1974), Ch. 7: Distributive Justice, Section I, Patterning, p. 160. The full, non-slogan version of Nozick’s “entitlement theory” of justice, expressed roughly in this form, appeared a few sentences before:

From each according to what he chooses to do, to each according to what he makes for himself (perhaps with the contracted aid of others) and what others choose to do for him and choose to give him of what they’ve been given previously (under this maxim) and haven’t yet expended or transferred.

“This,” Nozick admitted, “has its defects as a slogan.” Which is why he provided the shorter version.

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