Category: Today

On April 26, 1710, English philosopher of “common sense” Thomas Reid was born. A highly influential figure in the Scottish Enlightenment, and well-known critic of Hume before Kant, his major works were “An Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense,” “Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man,” and “Essays on the Active Powers of the Human Mind.” The Scottish “common sense” approach (shared by Adam Ferguson and Dugald Stewart) continued into the 19th and 20th centuries in the works of William Hamilton, Herbert Spencer, C.S. Peirce, and George Santayana.

On the same day in 1889, philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein was born, and in 1938, philosopher Edmund Husserl died.

On April 24, 1792, the French national anthem, “La Marseillaise,” was composed by Capt. Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle. Eight years later to the day, the United States Congress approved a bill establishing the Library of Congress.

On April 23, 1968, students at New York City’s Columbia University held a demonstration to protest military research and the condemnation of part of the neighboring Morningside Heights section of Harlem to make way for a new student gymnasium. The protest escalated into a week-long occupation of five campus buildings before police moved in. Some 712 students were arrested, and over 100 injured during the forcible eviction. After the university-ordered police response, a student strike shut down the campus for the rest of the semester.

On April 22, 1724, German philosopher Immanuel Kant was born.

On April 21, 1787, the Continental Congress of the United States authorized a design for an official penny, later referred to as the Fugio cent because of its image of the sun shining down on a sundial with the caption, “Fugio” (Latin: I flee/fly). This coin was reportedly designed by Benjamin Franklin; as a reminder to its holders, he put at its bottom the message, “Mind Your Business.”

On April 18, 1689, Bostonians rebelled against the government of Sir Edmund Andros.

On this day in April, in 2007, the Supreme Court of the United States, split 5-4, upheld the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act.

April 18 marks the 1772 birthday of David Ricardo, English political economist and one of the most influential thinkers in economic theory.

April 16 marks the 1859 death of Alexis de Tocqueville, French historian and sociologist, author “Democracy in America.”

On April 16, 1945, the United States Army liberated Nazi high security prisoner-of-war camp Oflag IV-C (better known as Colditz).

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., penned his Letter from Birmingham Jail while incarcerated in Birmingham, Alabama, for protesting against segregation, on April 16, 1963.

A sermon on “The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ” by Benjamin Hoadly, the Bishop of Bangor, provoked the Bangorian Controversy in the Anglican Church. The sermon was delivered on March 31, 1717, to George I of Great Britain, with the text being John 18:36, “My kingdom is not of this world,” and from that Hoadly deduced, supposedly at the request of the king himself, that there was no Biblical justification for any church government of any sort.

March 31, 1979 is remembered in the Maltese calendar as Freedom Day (Maltese: Jum il-Ħelsien). This is the anniversary of the withdrawal of British troops and the Royal Navy from Malta. On taking power in 1971, the Labour Government indicated it wanted to re-negotiate the lease agreement with the United Kingdom. Following protracted and sometimes tense talks, a new agreement was signed whereby the lease was extended till the end of March 1979 at a vastly increased rent. On March 31, 1979 the last British Forces left Malta. For the first time in millennia, Malta was no longer a military base of a foreign power and it became independent de facto as well as de jure.